$B2f$,9q$K$*$1$k(BL$B%P%s%I(BSAR$B43>D=hM}$NJb$_$H:#8e$N2]Bj(B Processing of L-band SAR Interferometry in Japan $BH/I= Mikio TOBITA (Geographical Survey Institute) tobita@gsi.go.jp

Abstract:L-band SAR sensor on board the JERS-1 satellite collected precious data of surface change over Japan. When we tried to apply SAR interferometry to the JERS-1 data, we needed to solve some problems peculiar to JERS-1 and Japanese islands. Our solutions and developments to solve the problems are reviewed. Then, we discuss expected changes in InSAR processing ALOS/PALSAR data. Chances to obtain interferogram with good coherence will increase mainly due to increased critical baseline. Residual phase after flattening using 1-m accuracy orbit information of ALOS satellite are estimated. $B#1!%$O$8$a$K(B JERS-1$BEk:\$N(BL$B%P%s%I(BSAR$B%;%s%5!<$K$h$C$FD=hM}$KE,9g$7$?M%NI$J%G!<%?$G$"$j!$F|K\$N5.=E$JCOI=JQ2=$r5-O?$7$?!#2$JF$G3+H/$5$l$?(BSAR$B43>DK!$rF|K\$N(BJERS-1$B%G!<%?$KE,MQ$9$k$K$O!$%G!<%?5Z$S%7%9%F%`$NFC@-$d9qEZ$NFCD'Ey$N0c$$$+$i!$$$$/$D$+$NE@$G9)IW$,I,MW$G$"$C$?!#(BSAR$B43>D=hM}$K$h$kJQF0$N7WB,@:EY$O!$Ev=i(B2cm$BDxEY$G$"$C$?$b$N$,:G6a$G$O(B3mm$B0J2<$^$G8~>e!J(BFigure$B#1!K$9$k!J$?$@$7!$7WB,@:EY$OB?$/$NMW0x$K0MB8$9$k!KEy!$=hM}K!$,3N/$J$/$J$$!#(B $BF|K\$K$*$1$k(B L$B%P%s%I(BSAR$B43>D=hM}K!$N9)IW$d2r@O=hM}$r$H$*$7$FL@$i$+$K$J$C$?$3$H$r>R2p$9$k!#$^$?!$#2#0#0#4G/#67nBG$A>e$2M=Dj$N(BALOS$B$KEk:\$5$l$k(BPALSAR$B$K$*$$$F$O!$50F;>pJs@:EYB>B?$/$NE@$GBg$-$J4|BT$,$"$k$,!$(BALOS$B$NFC@-$r9M;!$7!$43>D%G!<%?$rF@$i$l$kIQEY$d(BSAR$B43>D=hM}$,$I$&JQ$o$k$+Ey$K$D$$$F5DO@$9$k!#$5$i$K!$@$3&B,CO7O$X$N0\9TJ}K!$K$D$$$F$b?($l$k!#(B Figure 1 Improvement in InSAR phase measurements (1994 to 1997). (left) Murakami et al., 1996 (right) Tobita et al., 1998 $B#2!%%;%s%5!<$dCO0h$NFC@-$KE,9g$7$?=hM}(B $B#2!]#1!%?M9)EEGH%N%$%:$N=|5n(B $B!!(B L$B%P%s%IBS$O73$d<+1RBb$J$I$NDL?.$d%l!<%@!<$K;HMQ$5$l$k$3$H$bB?$$!#F|K\$G$O$3$N$h$&$JDL?.(I%$B%l!<%@!<;\@_J,I[$NL)EY$,9b$$!#$^$?!$F|K\$NET;TIt$O?M8}L)EY$,9b$$$HF1;~$K?M4V$N3hF0L)EY$b9b$/!$(BSAR$B%;%s%5!<$K1F6A$rM?$($k?M9)EEGH%N%$%:$O!$@$3&J?6Q$h$j$+$J$jB?$$$H9M$($i$l$k!# $B!!6/NO$J?M9)EEGH%N%$%:$,F~$C$?%7%0%J%k%G!<%?$r;H$C$F:F@8=hM}$r9T$&$H!$(BSLC$B6/EY2hA|$GL@$k$$$9$8$H$J$C$F8=$l!$COJ*$N7A>u$,8+$($J$/$J$k!#$^$?!$(BSLC$B0LAj2hA|$K$O!J43>D=hM}$7$F$$$J$$$K$b$+$+$o$i$:!K43>DD=hM}2hA|$N%3%R!<%l%s%9$rMn$H$9860x$H$J$k!#(B $B!!$=$3$G;dC#$O!$%7%0%J%k%G!<%?!J(BLevel-0$B!K$N%"%8%^%9%i%$%sKh$K(BFFT$B$r$H$j!$$=$N%l%s%8%9%Z%/%H%i%`!J(BFigure 2$B!K>e$K%9%Q%$%/>u$K8=$l$k?M9)EEGH%N%$%:$r=|5n$7$?8e!$5U(BFFT$B$r$+$1$k$H$$$&=hM}$r9T$& $B!!$3$N%N%$%:=|5n=hM}$K$h$j!$NI9%$J43>D=hM}$,2DG=$H$J$C$F$$$k!#(B Figure 2 Range spectrum. 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$B!!D2hA|$N50F;pJs!J(BB$B(*(B$B!$(BB//$B!K$r85$K50F;Dj$7!$%U%k%7!<%s2hA|$G2?%5%$%/%k$N $B!!;D50F;$B(*(B$B!W!$!V(BDB//$B!W!$!V0lDj$G$J$$(BDB$B(*(B$B!W!$!V0lDj$G$J$$(BDB//$B!W$N#4$D$KJ,$1$F9M$($k!#(B $B!!$^$:!$!V(BDB$B(*(B$B!JM?$($i$l$?50F;>pJs(BB$B(*(B$B$,$b$D8m:9!K!W$O!$%"%8%^%9J}8~$KAv$k@~E*$KA}2C!$$"$k$$$O8:>/$9$k;D50F; $B!!!V(BDB//$B!JM?$($i$l$?50F;>pJs(BB//$B$,$b$D8m:9!K!W$O!$(BDB$B(*(B$B$HF1MM!$%"%8%^%9J}8~$KAv$ku$G!$$+$^$\$3 $B!!!V0lDj$G$J$$(BDB$B(*(B$B!W$H$O!$2hA|$N(BTop($B>.$5$$%"%8%^%9(B)$B$H2hA|$N(BBottom($BBg$-$$%"%8%^%9(B)$B$G(BDB$B(*(B$B$,0[$J$jD>@~E*$KJQ2=$9$k$3$H$r0UL#$7$F$$$k!#(BDB$B(*(B$B$O!$%"%8%^%9J}8~$KAv$k@~E*$KJQ2=$9$k$,0LAj$NLL$OJ?LL$G$O$J$/6JLL$G$"$k!#(BTop$B$H(BBottom$B$G(B1m$B$@$1(BDB$B(*(B$B$,0[$J$k$H!$(BTop$B$H(BBottom$B$G(B0.6$B%5%$%/%k0[$J$k $B!!!V0lDj$G$J$$(BDB//$B!W$H$O!$2hA|$N(BTop($B>.$5$$%"%8%^%9(B)$B$H2hA|$N(BBottom($BBg$-$$%"%8%^%9(B)$B$G(BDB//$B$,0[$J$jD>@~E*$KJQ2=$9$k$3$H$r0UL#$7$F$$$k!#0lDj$G$J$$(BDB//$B$O!$%l%s%8J}8~$KAv$k50F;@~E*$G$"$k!#(BTop$B$H(BBottom$B$G(B1m$B$@$1(BDB//$B$,0[$J$C$?$@$1$G!$(B8.5$B%5%$%/%k$b$N2# $B!!0J>e$N5DO@$r5U$+$i9M$($k$H!$;D50F;$B(*(B$B$G$"$k!#5,B'@5$7$$2#//$B!W$G$"$k!#$+$^$\$37?$N0LAj$N860x$O(BDB//$B$G$"$k!#:G8e$K!$!V%O!J$O$N;z!K!W7?$d5U!V%O!W7?$N0LAj$N860x$O!V0lDj$G$J$$(BDB$B(*(B$B!W$G$"$k!#(B $B!!;DCO7A$B(*(B$B$K5/0x$7$F;D$k!#(BFigure 5$B$K$O!$CO7A$NI89b!J87L)$K$OBJ1_BN9b!K$KBP$9$k;DCO7A$B(*(B$B$KHfNc$7!$&K!JGHD9!K!$&Q!J%l%s%8D9!K$KH?HfNc$9$k@-l9g$O(BDB$B(*(B=100m$B$r2>Dj$7!$(BALOS$B$G$O(BDB$B(*(B=1m$B$r2>Dj$7$F$$$k!#(B $B!!(B1400m$B$NI89b:9$N$"$kCO7A$rNc$K$H$k$H!$(BJERS-1$B$GLs(B3$B%5%$%/%k$b$"$C$?;DCO7A Figure 5 Residual topographic phase versus DB$B(*(B Figure 6 Residual topographic phase in JERS-1 Figure 7 Residual topographic phase in ALOS/PALSAR $B#4!%@$3&B,CO7O$X$N0\9T(B $B!!(B 2001$BG/(B6$B7n$K8xI[$5$l$?!VB,NLK!5Z$S?eO)6HL3K!$N0lIt$r2~@5$9$kK!N'!W!J0J2 $B!!$R$H$/$A$K@$3&B,CO7O$H$$$C$F$b!$$=$N:BI87O$*$h$SBJ1_BN$OJ#?t$"$k!#$3$3$G$O!$N&CO$N%j%b!<%H%;%s%7%s%0$K$*$$$F!$$I$N:BI87O$*$h$SBJ1_BN$rA*$V$Y$-$+=R$Y$k!#(B $B!!(BGPS$BEy9b@:EY$NB,0L5;=Q$rMxMQ$7$?B,0L$K$O!$!V(BITRF$B:BI87O!'(BGRS80$BBJ1_BN!W$,MQ$$$i$l$F$*$j!$2~@5B,NLK!$G$b$3$NAH$_9g$o$;$,:NMQ$5$l$F$$$k!#$A$J$_$K!$JF9q!$%+%J%@!$%*!<%9%H%i%j%"$G$b$3$NAH$_9g$o$;$,9q2HB,CO7O!'9q2HBJ1_BN$H$7$F:NMQ$5$l$F$$$k!#(B $B!!$7$+$7!$9R6u5!$N%J%S%2!<%7%g%s$N$h$&$K!J0LCV$N9b@:EY:F8=$h$j$`$7$m!K%j%"%k%?%$%`@-$r=E;k$9$kJ,Ln$G$O!$!V(BWGS84$B7O!'(BWGS84$BBJ1_BN!W$NAH$_9g$o$;$,:NMQ$5$l$F$*$j!$7WB,!JB,NL!K$r9T$&$b$N$K$H$C$F$O!$!V:BI87O!'BJ1_BN!W$NA*Br$KCm0U$,I,MW$K$J$C$F$$$k!#(B $B!!(BFigure 8$B$K$=$NBP=hJ}K!$r<($7$?!#(B Figure8 Selection of coordinate system. $B!!MW$9$k$K!$!V(B ITRF$B7O!'(BGRS80$BBJ1_BN!W$O!V(BWGS84$B7O!'(BWGS84$BBJ1_BN!W$r7s$M$F$*$j!$%7%9%F%`@_7W$d7W;;%=%U%H%&%'%"$OA0o$NN&CO$N7WB,$K$OMxMQ$G$-$J$$$3$H$K$J$k!#(B $B!!(B WGS84$B$G$O!J7WB,@:EY$h$j!K%j%"%k%?%$%`@-$H3N8r:BI87O$N86E@$HJ}8~$r!VJQ99!W$7$F$-$?!#%j%"%k%?%$%`@-=E;k$O!$$9$J$o$A0LCV>pJs$N:FMxMQ$O=E;k$7$J$$$3$H$r0UL#$7!$$3$N$h$&$J:BI87O$N!VJQ99!W$rMFG'$9$k$3$H$K$D$J$,$C$F$$$k!#$7$+$7!$B,NL$J$I$N0LCV7WB,$O$^$5$K0LCV>pJs$N:FMxMQ$K=EE@$,$"$j!$:BI87O$NJQ99$K$O:Y?4$NCm0U$,J'$o$l$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!#;DG0$J$,$i!$(BWGS84$B7O$NJQ99$OCm0U$J$7$K9T$o$l$F$-$?$?$a!$B,NL;~4|$,0[$J$k$H:BI8$,@09g$7$J$$!JLs#1#mDxEY!KEy$NITET9g$,5/$3$C$F$$$k!#(B $B!!%j%b!<%H%;%s%7%s%07WB,$b$=$NJ,2rG=$*$h$S7WB,@:EY$,8~>e$9$k$K$D$l!$$3$N$h$&$J:BI87O$K5/0x$9$k8m:9$rL5;k$G$-$J$/$J$j$D$D$"$k!#;DG0$J$,$i!$%j%b!<%H%;%s%7%s%04XO"%=%U%H%&%'%"$NCf$N$$$/$D$+$O!$!V(BWGS84$B7O!'(BWGS84$BBJ1_BN!W$r:NMQ$7$F$$$k$b$N$,$"$k$,!$F|K\$O$b$A$m$s!$KLJFB>$K$bE,9g$7$J$$$3$H$rG'<1$9$Y$-$G$"$k!#!V(BITRF$B7O!'(BGRS80$BBJ1_BN!W$r:NMQ$9$k$N$,!$$b$C$H$bE,@Z$JA*Br$G$"$j!$$"$i$f$k%K!<%:$KBP1~2DG=$H$J$k!#(B $B!!8=:_$N(B GPS$B50F;Nq$O!$=i4|$N!V(BWGS84$B7O!'(BWGS84$BBJ1_BN!W$H$O0[$J$k!V(BWGS84$B7O!'(BWGS84$BBJ1_BN!W$K=`5r$7$F$$$k!#:#8e!$(BGPS$B$rMQ$$$FB,0L$7$?7k2L$O!$$=$N$^$^!J:BI8JQ49$9$k$3$H$J$7$K!K2~@5B,NLK!;\9T8e$N@$3&B,CO7O$K@09g$9$k!#B,0L7k2L$r!$!V(BWGS84$B7O$+$i(BITRF94$B7OEy$X$NJQ49%Q%i%a!<%?!W$r;H$C$F:BI8JQ49$7$F$O$J$i$J$$!#$3$N:BI8JQ49%Q%i%a!<%?$O!$(BWGS84$B7O!J%*%j%8%J%kHG!K$GB,0L$7$?7k2L!J$D$^$j!$Ls(B10$BG/A0$KB,0L$7$?7k2L!KEy$KBP$7$F$N$_;H$o$l$k!#(B 5$B!%;29MJ88%(B Murakami, M., M. Tobita, S. Fujiwara, and T. Saito, Coseismic Crustal Deformations of 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake Detected by Interferometric JERS 1 Synthetic Aperture Radar, Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, B4, 8605-8614, 1996. $BCf@n90G7!$J(B $B3$MN3+H/5ZCO5e2J3X5;=QD4::8&5fB%?JHq!VCO5e4D6-1s3VC5::5;=QEy$N8&5f!WJs9p!JL$8x3+!K!$(B2001 Tobita, M., Mak. Murakami, S. Fujiwara, P. Rosen, S. Hensley and C. Werner, Correlation studies of JERS-1 SAR interferometry, Abstract of 1996 Earth and Planetary Science Joint Meeting, 87 (in Japanese), 1996. Tobita, M., S. Fujiwara, S. Ozawa, P. A. Rosen, E. J. Fielding, C. L. Werner, Mas. Murakami, H. Nakagawa, K. Nitta, and Mak. Murakami, Deformation of the 1995 North Sakhalin earthquake detected by JERS-1/SAR interferometry, Earth, Planets and Space, Vol.50, No.4, 313-325, 1998. Tobita, M., S. Fujiwara, M. Murakami, H. Nakagawa, and P. A. Rosen, Accurate offset estimation between two SLC images for SAR interferometry (in Japanese), J. 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