\nhttps:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature24459<\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OdWZA5UxmOk<\/a><\/p>\n
Neutrinos interact only very weakly, so they are extremely penetrating. The theoretical neutrino\u2013nucleon interaction crosssection, however, increases with increasing neutrino energy, and neutrinos with energies above 40 teraelectronvolts (TeV) are expected to be absorbed as they pass through the Earth. Experimentally, the cross-section has been determined only at the relatively low energies (below 0.4 TeV) that are available at neutrino beams from accelerators1,2<\/sup>. Here we report a measurement of neutrino absorption by the Earth using a sample of 10,784 energetic upward-going neutrino-induced muons. The flux of high-energy neutrinos transiting long paths through the Earth is attenuated compared to a reference sample that follows shorter trajectories. Using a fit to the two-dimensional distribution of muon energy and zenith angle, we determine the neutrino\u2013nucleon interaction cross-section for neutrino energies 6.3\u2013980 TeV, more than an order of magnitude higher than previous measurements. The measured cross-section is about 1.3 times the prediction of the standard model3<\/sup>, consistent with the expectations for charged- and neutralcurrent interactions. We do not observe a large increase in the crosssection with neutrino energy, in contrast with the predictions of some theoretical models, including those invoking more compact spatial dimensions4<\/sup> or the production of leptoquarks5<\/sup>. This crosssection measurement can be used to set limits on the existence of some hypothesized beyond-standard model particles, including leptoquarks.<\/p>\n 1. Olive, K. A. et al. Review of particle physics. Chin. Phys. C 38, 090001 (2014).<\/sup>![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2017\/12\/fig1.jpg\")
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\n2. Formaggio, J. A. & Zeller, G. P. From eV to EeV: neutrino cross sections across energy scales. Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 1307\u20131341 (2012).<\/sup>
\n3. Cooper-Sarkar, A., Mertsch, P. & Sarkar, S. The high energy neutrino cross-section in the Standard Model and its uncertainty. J. High Energy Phys. 2011, 42 (2011).<\/sup>
\n4. Alvarez-Mu\u00f1iz, J., Feng, J. L., Halzen, F., Han, T. & Hooper, D. Detecting microscopic black holes with neutrino telescopes. Phys. Rev. D 65, 124015 (2002).<\/sup>
\n5. Romero, I. & Sampayo, O. A. Leptoquarks signals in KM3 neutrino telescopes. J. High Energy Phys. 2009, 111 (2009).<\/sup><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"