タイトル:

The 2018 eruption and caldera collapse at Kilauea volcano

要旨：

The 2018 eruption of Kilauea volcano (Hawai‘i) was its most impactful in centuries, involving an outpouring of more than one cubic kilometer of basalt, a magnitude 7 flank earthquake, and the volcano’s largest summit collapse since at least the nineteenth century. Observations have yielded unprecedented insights into basaltic caldera collapses, the dynamics of large caldera-rift eruptions, the geometry of a shallow magma storage-transport system and its interaction with rift zone tectonics, mechanisms of basaltic tephra-producing explosions, and the dynamics of fissure eruptions and high-volume lava flows. I will summarize eruptive activity and describe how magma flow to a low-elevation vent triggered quasi-periodic step-like collapse of the summit caldera, which pressurized the magma system and sustained the eruption. I will also show evidence that Kilauea’s magmatic-tectonic system is tightly interconnected over tens of kilometers, and that magma is stored in diverse locations, volumes, and compositions beneath the volcano’s summit and East Rift Zone. I will also discuss parallels with other basaltic caldera-forming eruptions, including at Miyakejima. Finally I will highlight some outstanding questions which may motivate new studies into this remarkable eruption.